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project:lora_nodes [2018/02/25 10:44] – dpproject:lora_nodes [2018/05/11 10:54] (current) – dp
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 ====== LoRa TTN node setup ====== ====== LoRa TTN node setup ======
 +Osnovni setup za LoRa TTN nodes... za Heltec i TTGO module, al vjerojatno i za druge.
  
-Install Arduino+===== Arduino i podrška za ESP32 ===== 
 + 
 +Instaliraj Arduino
   * https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software   * https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
  
-Install ESP32 Arduino support+Instaliraj Arduino podršku za ESP32 mikrokontrolere
   * https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32   * https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32
  
-Create TTN account +===== The Things Network account =====
-https://console.thethingsnetwork.org/+
  
-Go to TTN Applications+Kreiraj TTN account 
 +  * https://console.thethingsnetwork.org/ 
 + 
 +Pod TTN Applications registriraj novu aplikaciju (grupa uređaja)
   * https://console.thethingsnetwork.org/applications/   * https://console.thethingsnetwork.org/applications/
  
-Register Device+Registriraj novi device. 
 + 
 + 
 +===== Example code ===== 
 + 
 +==== Spremi primjer ====
  
-Download example +<file cpp otaa_abp_example.ino>
-<file cpp otaa_example.ino>+
 #include <lmic.h> #include <lmic.h>
 #include <hal/hal.h> #include <hal/hal.h>
Line 27: Line 36:
 U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8(/* clock=*/ 15, /* data=*/ 4, /* reset=*/ 16); U8X8_SSD1306_128X64_NONAME_SW_I2C u8x8(/* clock=*/ 15, /* data=*/ 4, /* reset=*/ 16);
  
-// This EUI must be in little-endian format, so least-significant-byte +// Schedule TX every this many seconds (might become longer due to duty 
-// first. When copying an EUI from ttnctl output, this means to reverse +// cycle limitations). 
-// the bytes. For TTN issued EUIs the last bytes should be 0xD5, 0xB3, +const unsigned TX_INTERVAL = 20;
-// 0x70. +
-static const u1_t PROGMEM APPEUI[8]={ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; +
-void os_getArtEui (u1_t* buf) { +
-  memcpy_P(buf, APPEUI, 8); +
-}+
  
-// This should also be in little endian format, see above. +//#define USE_JOINING
-static const u1_t PROGMEM DEVEUI[8]={ 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; +
-void os_getDevEui (u1_t* buf) { +
-  memcpy_P(buf, DEVEUI, 8); +
-}+
  
-// This key should be in big endian format (or, since it is not really a +#ifdef USE_JOINING 
-// number but a block of memory, endianness does not really apply). In +  // OTAA join keys 
-// practice, a key taken from ttnctl can be copied as-is. +  // This EUI must be in little-endian format, so least-significant-byte 
-// The key shown here is the semtech default key. +  // first. When copying an EUI from ttnctl output, this means to reverse 
-static const u1_t PROGMEM APPKEY[16] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; +  // the bytes. For TTN issued EUIs the last bytes should be 0xD5, 0xB3, 
-void os_getDevKey (u1_t* buf) { +  // 0x70. 
-  memcpy_P(buf, APPKEY, 16); +  static const u1_t PROGMEM APPEUI[8] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; 
-}+  void os_getArtEui (u1_t* buf) { 
 +    memcpy_P(buf, APPEUI, 8); 
 +  } 
 +   
 +  // This should also be in little endian format, see above. 
 +  static const u1_t PROGMEM DEVEUI[8] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; 
 +  void os_getDevEui (u1_t* buf) { 
 +    memcpy_P(buf, DEVEUI, 8); 
 +  } 
 +   
 +  // This key should be in big endian format (or, since it is not really a 
 +  // number but a block of memory, endianness does not really apply). In 
 +  // practice, a key taken from ttnctl can be copied as-is. 
 +  // The key shown here is the semtech default key. 
 +  static const u1_t PROGMEM APPKEY[16] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; 
 +  void os_getDevKey (u1_t* buf) { 
 +    memcpy_P(buf, APPKEY, 16); 
 +  }
  
-static uint8_t mydata[] = "Hi";+#else 
 +  // ABP keys 
 +   
 +  // LoRaWAN NwkSKey, network session key (msb) 
 +  static const PROGMEM u1_t NWKSKEY[] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; 
 +   
 +  // LoRaWAN AppSKey, application session key (msb) 
 +  static const u1_t PROGMEM APPSKEY[] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 }; 
 +   
 +  // LoRaWAN end-device address (DevAddr) 
 +  static const u4_t DEVADDR = 0xffffffff;  
 + 
 +  void os_getArtEui (u1_t* buf) { } 
 +  void os_getDevEui (u1_t* buf) { } 
 +  void os_getDevKey (u1_t* buf) { } 
 + 
 +#endif 
 + 
 + 
 +static uint8_t mydata[] = {13, 37};
 static osjob_t sendjob; static osjob_t sendjob;
  
-// Schedule TX every this many seconds (might become longer due to duty 
-// cycle limitations). 
-const unsigned TX_INTERVAL = 60; 
  
 // Pin mapping // Pin mapping
Line 72: Line 105:
   Serial.print(": ");   Serial.print(": ");
   switch (ev) {   switch (ev) {
-case EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT: +    case EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_SCAN_TIMEOUT"); 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_BEACON_FOUND: +    case EV_BEACON_FOUND: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_FOUND")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_FOUND")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_BEACON_FOUND"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_BEACON_FOUND"); 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_BEACON_MISSED: +    case EV_BEACON_MISSED: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_MISSED")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_MISSED")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_BEACON_MISSED"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_BEACON_MISSED"); 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_BEACON_TRACKED: +    case EV_BEACON_TRACKED: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_TRACKED")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_BEACON_TRACKED")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_BEACON_TRACKED"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_BEACON_TRACKED"); 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_JOINING: +    case EV_JOINING: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_JOINING")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_JOINING")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_JOINING"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_JOINING"); 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_JOINED: +    case EV_JOINED: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_JOINED")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_JOINED")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_JOINED "); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_JOINED "); 
-            LMIC_setDrTxpow(DR_SF12, 14); //added fixed SF after join for longer range messages  +      LMIC_setDrTxpow(DR_SF7, 14); //added fixed SF after join for longer range messages 
-  // Disable link check validation (automatically enabled +      // Disable link check validation (automatically enabled 
-  // during join, but not supported by TTN at this time). +      // during join, but not supported by TTN at this time). 
-  LMIC_setLinkCheckMode(0); +      LMIC_setLinkCheckMode(0); 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_RFU1: +    case EV_RFU1: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_RFU1")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_RFU1")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_RFUI"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_RFUI"); 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_JOIN_FAILED: +    case EV_JOIN_FAILED: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_JOIN_FAILED")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_JOIN_FAILED")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_JOIN_FAILED"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_JOIN_FAILED"); 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_REJOIN_FAILED: +    case EV_REJOIN_FAILED: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_REJOIN_FAILED")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_REJOIN_FAILED")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_REJOIN_FAILED"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_REJOIN_FAILED"); 
-  //break; +      //break; 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_TXCOMPLETE: +    case EV_TXCOMPLETE: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_TXCOMPLETE (includes waiting for RX windows)")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_TXCOMPLETE (includes waiting for RX windows)")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_TXCOMPLETE"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_TXCOMPLETE"); 
-  digitalWrite(BUILTIN_LED, LOW); +      digitalWrite(BUILTIN_LED, LOW); 
-  if (LMIC.txrxFlags & TXRX_ACK) { +      if (LMIC.txrxFlags & TXRX_ACK) { 
-    Serial.println(F("Received ack")); +        Serial.println(F("Received ack")); 
-    u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "Received ACK"); +        u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "Received ACK"); 
-  } +      } 
-  if (LMIC.dataLen) { +      if (LMIC.dataLen) { 
-    Serial.println(F("Received ")); +        Serial.println(F("Received ")); 
-    u8x8.drawString(0, 6, "RX "); +        u8x8.drawString(0, 6, "RX "); 
-    Serial.println(LMIC.dataLen); +        Serial.println(LMIC.dataLen); 
-    u8x8.setCursor(4, 6); +        u8x8.setCursor(4, 6); 
-    u8x8.printf("%i bytes", LMIC.dataLen); +        u8x8.printf("%i bytes", LMIC.dataLen); 
-    Serial.println(F(" bytes of payload")); +        Serial.println(F(" bytes of payload")); 
-    u8x8.setCursor(0, 7); +        u8x8.setCursor(0, 7); 
-    u8x8.printf("RSSI %d SNR %.1d", LMIC.rssi, LMIC.snr); +        u8x8.printf("RSSI %d SNR %.1d", LMIC.rssi, LMIC.snr); 
-  } +      } 
-  // Schedule next transmission +      // Schedule next transmission 
-  os_setTimedCallback(&sendjob, os_getTime() + sec2osticks(TX_INTERVAL), do_send); +      os_setTimedCallback(&sendjob, os_getTime() + sec2osticks(TX_INTERVAL), do_send); 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_LOST_TSYNC: +    case EV_LOST_TSYNC: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_LOST_TSYNC")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_LOST_TSYNC")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_LOST_TSYNC"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_LOST_TSYNC"); 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_RESET: +    case EV_RESET: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_RESET")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_RESET")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_RESET"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_RESET"); 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_RXCOMPLETE: +    case EV_RXCOMPLETE: 
-  // data received in ping slot +      // data received in ping slot 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_RXCOMPLETE")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_RXCOMPLETE")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_RXCOMPLETE"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_RXCOMPLETE"); 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_LINK_DEAD: +    case EV_LINK_DEAD: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_LINK_DEAD")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_LINK_DEAD")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_LINK_DEAD"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_LINK_DEAD"); 
-  break; +      break; 
-case EV_LINK_ALIVE: +    case EV_LINK_ALIVE: 
-  Serial.println(F("EV_LINK_ALIVE")); +      Serial.println(F("EV_LINK_ALIVE")); 
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_LINK_ALIVE"); +      u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "EV_LINK_ALIVE"); 
-  break; +      break; 
-default: +    default: 
-  Serial.println(F("Unknown event")); +      Serial.println(F("Unknown event")); 
-  u8x8.setCursor(0, 7); +      u8x8.setCursor(0, 7); 
-  u8x8.printf("UNKNOWN EVENT %d", ev); +      u8x8.printf("UNKNOWN EVENT %d", ev); 
-  break;+      break;
   }   }
 } }
Line 166: Line 199:
   // Check if there is not a current TX/RX job running   // Check if there is not a current TX/RX job running
   if (LMIC.opmode & OP_TXRXPEND) {   if (LMIC.opmode & OP_TXRXPEND) {
-Serial.println(F("OP_TXRXPEND, not sending")); +    Serial.println(F("OP_TXRXPEND, not sending")); 
-u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "OP_TXRXPEND, not sent");+    u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "OP_TXRXPEND, not sent");
   } else {   } else {
-// Prepare upstream data transmission at the next possible time. +    // Prepare upstream data transmission at the next possible time. 
-LMIC_setTxData2(1, mydata, sizeof(mydata) - 1, 0); +    LMIC_setTxData2(1, mydata, sizeof(mydata) - 1, 0); 
-Serial.println(F("Packet queued")); +    Serial.println(F("Packet queued")); 
-u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "PACKET QUEUED"); +    u8x8.drawString(0, 7, "PACKET QUEUED"); 
-digitalWrite(BUILTIN_LED, HIGH);+    digitalWrite(BUILTIN_LED, HIGH);
   }   }
   // Next TX is scheduled after TX_COMPLETE event.   // Next TX is scheduled after TX_COMPLETE event.
Line 185: Line 218:
   u8x8.begin();   u8x8.begin();
   u8x8.setFont(u8x8_font_chroma48medium8_r);   u8x8.setFont(u8x8_font_chroma48medium8_r);
-  u8x8.drawString(0, 1, "LoRaWAN LMiC");+  u8x8.drawString(0, 1, "radiona.org");
  
   SPI.begin(5, 19, 27);   SPI.begin(5, 19, 27);
Line 193: Line 226:
   // Reset the MAC state. Session and pending data transfers will be discarded.   // Reset the MAC state. Session and pending data transfers will be discarded.
   LMIC_reset();   LMIC_reset();
-  LMIC_setDrTxpow(DR_SF12, 14); //set join at SF12  + 
-  // Start job (sending automatically starts OTAA too) +#ifndef USE_JOINING 
-  do_send(&sendjob);+    #ifdef PROGMEM 
 +      // On AVR, these values are stored in flash and only copied to RAM 
 +      // once. Copy them to a temporary buffer here, LMIC_setSession will 
 +      // copy them into a buffer of its own again. 
 +      uint8_t appskey[sizeof(APPSKEY)]; 
 +      uint8_t nwkskey[sizeof(NWKSKEY)]; 
 +      memcpy_P(appskey, APPSKEY, sizeof(APPSKEY)); 
 +      memcpy_P(nwkskey, NWKSKEY, sizeof(NWKSKEY)); 
 +      LMIC_setSession (0x1, DEVADDR, nwkskey, appskey); 
 +    #else 
 +      // If not running an AVR with PROGMEM, just use the arrays directly 
 +      LMIC_setSession (0x1, DEVADDR, NWKSKEY, APPSKEY); 
 +    #endif 
 +#endif 
 + 
 +  // Set up the channels used by the Things Network, which corresponds 
 +  // to the defaults of most gateways. Without this, only three base 
 +  // channels from the LoRaWAN specification are used, which certainly 
 +  // works, so it is good for debugging, but can overload those 
 +  // frequencies, so be sure to configure the full frequency range of 
 +  // your network here (unless your network autoconfigures them). 
 +  // Setting up channels should happen after LMIC_setSession, as that 
 +  // configures the minimal channel set. 
 +  // NA-US channels 0-71 are configured automatically 
 +  LMIC_setupChannel(0, 868100000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7),  BAND_CENTI);      // g-band 
 +  LMIC_setupChannel(1, 868300000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7B), BAND_CENTI);      // g-band 
 +  LMIC_setupChannel(2, 868500000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7),  BAND_CENTI);      // g-band 
 +  LMIC_setupChannel(3, 867100000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7),  BAND_CENTI);      // g-band 
 +  LMIC_setupChannel(4, 867300000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7),  BAND_CENTI);      // g-band 
 +  LMIC_setupChannel(5, 867500000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7),  BAND_CENTI);      // g-band 
 +  LMIC_setupChannel(6, 867700000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7),  BAND_CENTI);      // g-band 
 +  LMIC_setupChannel(7, 867900000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_SF12, DR_SF7),  BAND_CENTI);      // g-band 
 +  LMIC_setupChannel(8, 868800000, DR_RANGE_MAP(DR_FSK,  DR_FSK),  BAND_MILLI);      // g2-band 
 +  // TTN defines an additional channel at 869.525Mhz using SF9 for class B 
 +  // devices' ping slots. LMIC does not have an easy way to define set this 
 +  // frequency and support for class B is spotty and untested, so this 
 +  // frequency is not configured here. 
 + 
 +  // Disable link check validation 
 +  //LMIC_setLinkCheckMode(0); 
 + 
 +  // TTN uses SF9 for its RX2 window. 
 +  //LMIC.dn2Dr = DR_SF9; 
 +   
 +   
 +  LMIC_setDrTxpow(DR_SF7, 14); //set join at SF12
  
   pinMode(BUILTIN_LED, OUTPUT);   pinMode(BUILTIN_LED, OUTPUT);
   digitalWrite(BUILTIN_LED, LOW);   digitalWrite(BUILTIN_LED, LOW);
 +  
 +  // Start job (sending automatically starts OTAA too)
 +  do_send(&sendjob);
 } }
  
Line 204: Line 285:
   os_runloop_once();   os_runloop_once();
 } }
 +
 </file> </file>
  
-In Arduino copy EUI & keys from interface +==== Za ABP mode ==== 
 +Za korištenje APB u settinzima devicea na TTNu treba označiti APB te će onda biti prikazani i network session key i app session key (kopiraju se u defaultnom ''msb'' formatu), te device id (kopira se direktno kao broj). U TTN konzoli da ideš na ABP join i pod settings treba maknuti najdoljnju kvačicu ''Frame Counter Checks''. 
 + 
 +==== Za OTTA mode ==== 
 +OTAA mode (sa joinanjem) se enejbla otkomentiravanjem ''"#define USE_JOINING"'' 
 + 
 +Kopraj EUI i ključeve s TTN konzole u kod:
   * Device EUI ''lsb''   * Device EUI ''lsb''
   * Application EUI ''lsb''   * Application EUI ''lsb''
   * App Key ''msb''   * App Key ''msb''
  
-Upload code+==== Podesi spreading factor i gain ====
  
-Check the received data in console+Spreading Factor (SF #). The higher the SF (i.e. the slower the transmission), the longer the communication range. Large SFs allow longer communication  range. However, large SFs also increase the time on air and, consequently, the off-period duration. 
 + 
 +Gain? (drugi broj). 
 + 
 +Promjeni u svim linijama! 
 + 
 +  * za stacionarni node npr ''SF12, 14'' (veći domet ali i potencijalno više grešaka) 
 +  * za mapiranje iz vožnje ''SF7, 16'' (u zraku je kratko) 
 + 
 + 
 +{{ :project:lora_sf_bitrate_airtime.png?nolink&600 |}} 
 + 
 +LoRa Modem Packet formatting 
 +{{ :project:lora_modem_packet_formating.png?nolink&600 |}} 
 + 
 +==== Instaliraj librarije koji nedostaju ==== 
 +Sketch / Include Library / Manage Libraries ... ''lmic'' i ''U8x8'' 
 + 
 +==== Upload-aj kod ==== 
 +U Arduino IDE-u pod ''Tools / Boards'' izaberi odgovarajuću pločicu (u našem slučaju ''Heltec_WIFI_Kit_32'') i pod ''Port'' izaberi port na kojem se nalazi device. 
 +==== Provjeri primljene poruke u konzoli ====
   * https://console.thethingsnetwork.org/applications/   * https://console.thethingsnetwork.org/applications/
 +
 +===== TTN mapper =====
 +[[https://ttnmapper.org/|TTN mapper]] služi za prikaz, analizu i mapiranje TTN LoRa mreže. Sučelje mu je u banani pa je najbolje pristupati direktno s parametrima:
 +
 +  * https://ttnmapper.org/special.php?node=r-n-001&date=2018-02-25&gateways=on pristup pojedinom node-u (korigiraj datum)
 +  * https://ttnmapper.org/colour-radar/?gateway=B827EBFFFE8B8BD8&type=radar pristup pojedinom gateway-u
 +
 +[[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jpmeijers.ttnmapper&hl=en|TTN mapper]] android aplikacija pomoću koje se može upariti telefon s GPS-om i LoRa node, kako bi se moglo testirati i mapirati pokrivenost mreže.
 +
 +===== Random links =====
 +  * https://lcd-web.nl/ttngenerator/
 +
project/lora_nodes.txt · Last modified: 2018/05/11 10:54 by dp

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